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Measles Information for the Public
Measles is a disease caused by a virus. It is one of the world's most contagious diseases.
Some people think of measles as a just a rash and fever that clear up in a few days. But measles can cause serious health complications, especially in children younger than 5 years old.
For information about recent measles cases and outbreaks, click on "Risk of Disease" below.
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Transmission
Measles is one of the world's most contagious diseases.
- If one person has it, up to 9 out of 10 people nearby will become infected if they are not protected.
The measles virus lives in the nose and throat mucus of an infected person. It can spread to others through coughing and sneezing.
- People become infected when they breathe the contaminated air or touch the infected surface, then touch their eyes, noses, or mouths.
- Measles can live for up to 2 hours in an airspace after an infected person leaves an area.
An infected person can spread measles to others even before knowing they have the disease.
- You can spread measles to others from 4 days before through 4 days after the rash appears.
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Prevention
The vaccine for mumps is part of the MMR vaccine, a combination vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.
The routine schedule for vaccination is:
- First dose between 12 and 15 months of age.
- Second dose between the ages of 4 and 6.
Note: People born before 1957 were likely exposed to the virus and are likely immune to measles and do not require vaccination.
Measles Vaccination (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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Signs and Symptoms
Measles symptoms appear 7 to 14 days after contact with the virus. Measles typically begins with:
- High fever (may spike to more than 104°)
- Cough
- Runny nose (coryza)
- Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)
Tiny white spots (Koplik spots) may appear inside the mouth two to three days after symptoms begin.
The measles rash appears 3 to 5 days after the first symptoms.
- It usually begins as flat red spots that appear on the face at the hairline. They then spread downward to the neck, trunk, arms, legs, and feet.
- Small raised bumps may also appear on top of the flat red spots.
- The spots may become joined together as they spread from the head to the rest of the body.
- When the rash appears, a person's fever may spike to more than 104° Fahrenheit.
Measles can cause serious health complications, especially in children younger than 5 years of age.
- Common complications are ear infections and diarrhea.
- Serious complications include pneumonia and encephalitis.
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Risk of Disease
Measles is one of the world's most contagious diseases.
- If one person has it, up to 9 out of 10 people nearby will become infected if they are not protected.
- Measles can live for up to 2 hours in an airspace after an infected person leaves an area.
Current Measles Outbreaks in the U.S.
As of February 20, 2025, a total of 93 measles cases were reported by 8 jurisdictions: Alaska, California, Georgia, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York City, Rhode Island, and Texas. Find more real-time updates of measles cases reported by:
There have been 3 outbreaks (defined as 3 or more related cases) reported in 2025, and 92% of cases (86 of 93) are outbreak-associated. For comparison, 16 outbreaks were reported during 2024 and 69% of cases (198 of 285) were outbreak-associated.
2024 Measles Outbreaks in the U.S.
As of November 7, 2024, a total of 277 measles cases were reported by 32 jurisdictions in the United States:
- Arizona, California, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York City, New York State, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and West Virginia.
- For more information on measles in the United States, visit: Measles Cases and Outbreaks (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Measles in Michigan
There have been 3 cases of measles in Michigan so far in 2024
- For more on measles in Michigan, visit: Measles in Michigan Surveillance and Updates (MDHHS)
Measles Outbreaks Around the World
For more on measles outbreaks around the world, visit: Global Measles Outbreaks (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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Reporting
Measles is a notifiable disease. A notifiable disease is one that doctors must report to state or local public health officials.
Public health officials track some diseases because they can spread easily, are serious, or happen often.
Notifiable diseases in Michigan:
Michigan's List of Notifiable Diseases 2025 By Condition
Michigan's List of Notifiable Diseases 2025 By Pathogen -
Questions About
Get answers to frequently asked questions about measles and the vaccine used to prevent it.
Questions About Measles (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Measles Questions and Answers Information About the Disease and Vaccines (immunize.org)
Ask The Experts About Vaccines: MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) (Immunize.org)
Video: Why do we see measles outbreaks? (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)
Video: Is the MMR Vaccine Safe? (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)
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More Information
Measles in Michigan: Surveillance and Updates
For updates and information on the current status of measles in Michigan:
For information on how many cases of measles (and other vaccine-preventable diseases) have been reported in Michigan in past years, check out the Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD) annual summaries:
Vaccine Preventable Diseases in Michigan - Annual Summaries
Measles Disease & Vaccination Information
Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR): The Diseases & Vaccines (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)
History of Measles (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Video: Measles: symptoms, spread & SSPE (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia) (Video)
How Vaccines Work
Video: How Do Vaccines Work? (American Academy of Pediatrics) (Video- AAP)
Spanish version: ¿Cómo funcionan las vacunas? | AAP
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Find My Immunization RecordIf you have been immunized in the State of Michigan, you may be able to download your immunization record from the Michigan Care Improvement Registry (MCIR) using the Michigan Immunization Portal.
Visit the Michigan Immunization Portal to learn more or contact your healthcare provider.