The Michigan Board of Physical Therapy was originally formed with the enactment of Public Act 164 of 1965. On September 30, 1978, authority was transferred to the Public Health Code by Public Act 368 of 1978, as amended. The practice of physical therapy, as defined in the Public Health Code, means: "the evaluation of treatment of an individual by the employment of effective properties of physical measures and the use of therapeutic exercises and rehabilitative physical or mental disability. It includes treatment planning, performance of tests and measurements, interpretation of referrals, instruction, consultative services, and supervision of personnel. Physical measures include massage, mobilization, heat, cold, air, light, water, electricity, and sound."

The Public Health Code mandates certain responsibilities and duties for a health professional licensing board. Underlying all duties is the responsibility of the board to promote and protect the public's health, safety, and welfare. This responsibility is implemented by the Board by ascertaining minimal entry level competency of health practitioners. The Board also has the obligation to take disciplinary action against licensees who have adversely affected the public's health, safety, and welfare.

The Michigan Board of Physical Therapy consists of 9 voting members: 5 physical therapists and 4 public members.

The board currently oversees approximately 7,957 Physical Therapists.